How To free Your hard disk space?

"How you can free some 100-500 Mb space from your hard disk in windows operating system?"first i will tell you about temporary files that takes lot of memory space in your hard disk.This is simply created when your do any work in xp for example if you are writing any document,installing any software's or visiting web pages.In windows Every work done by You is stored by Operating system as temp files. So,delete this files to free your space.

If you are reading this for first time ,i am sure that 200-400 mb space in your computer is taken by temp files. so, go and delete these files by following methods:

1. Start Run Command. or press windows key + R at a time .it will open a dialog box ,type there %temp% and enter . It will open a folder. Delete all these files. It is of no use and taking your hard disk space.

2.Start Run Command. or press windows key + R at a time .it will open a dialog box ,type there prefetch and enter . It will open a folder. Delete all these files. It is of no use and taking your hard disk space.

Object Serialization

Object Serialization transforms an object into a sequence of bytes so it cam be written to disc or can be transfer to the server. This Sequence of bytes can be later deserialized into an original object. After deserialization, the object has the same state as it had when it was serialized.

Java provides this facility through ObjectInput and ObjectOutput interfaces. The concrete implementation of ObjectOutput and OnjectInput interfaces is provided in ObjectOutputStream and ObjectInputStream classes respectively. These two interfaces have the following methods:

final void writeObject(Object obj) throws IOException
final Object readObejct() through IOException, ClassNotFoundException

The writeObject() method can be used be used to write any object to a stream, including strings and arrays and readObject() method can be used to read any stream as long as an object supports java.io.Serializable interface.

source: java-tips.org

The private main method

YES…!!!! the main method in java can be private.
I came across a good article while surfing on the net about main method being private. That means it works if written as: private static void main( String [] args )

Moreover, this method can also be activated by the VM, which actually breaks the encapsulation law. Actually, Sun introduced this problem in version 1.2 of Java and was not solved till 1.3. This is the case on MS Windows NT, Linux and Solaris. However, while running this code on Windows 2000 or XP gives the proper run time exception as "Main method not public".

check it on: http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4252539.html

This issue is a known problem with a bug report opened against it. However, Sun has closed the bug report and the problem will NOT be fixed, "The runtime allows call to private methods, because of reflection. Fixing it will cause potential troubles." This violates oop's basic concept, i.e. data encapsulation, you can declare the method as private to restrict its access from outside the class where it is declared, but in this case you can declare main method as private and still jvm can access the method. This is also a compatibility issue: with some JVM this work, but other JVMs might be confused.

However, this is not a big issue as only JVM can give the call to private main method and any other attemp to access it, will result in the compile time error.

I don't know whether the bug has been solved or not but it was giving runtime exception on my machine (XP) "Main method not public" and it might get execute on Solaris or Linux machine. But be careful while taking the certification exam. The proper answer to "How do you define a main method?" remains: "The method main must be declared public, static, and void."

Send Email in Outlook without Using Mouse!!!

To send an email without ever taking your hands off of the keyboard, follow these simple steps:

1.Use Alt+Tab to switch to Outlook.
2.If you’re looking at anything other than one of your mail folders (like your Calendar or Contacts), hit Ctrl+Shift+M to open a new mail message, otherwise just hit Ctrl+N.
3.You should now be looking at a blank email, with your cursor placed in the To: field. Type the recipients name (and if Outlook is connected to Microsoft Exchange Server and you’re emailing somebody in your organization, you can type their name and hit Ctrl+K, which will verify their address for you).
4.Use the TAB key to navigate between the CC:, BCC: and Subject fields, filling in as necessary. 5.Hit TAB to enter the main text area of the email, type the body of your message.
6.Invoke the SpellCheck utility using the F7 key. Use the TAB key to navigate, making changes as needed.
7.Once you’re ready to send, hit Ctrl+Enter.
8.Bask in the knowledge that you’ve just sent an email and your mouse is getting dusty!
Pretty simple, right? This process is a little weird at first (especially if you want to attach files, etc. - use Alt+I, F to do that), but once you’ve done it a few times, you’ll wonder how you ever got along without it!

Source:http://blog.crankingwidgets.com/2007/01/30/no-mouse-required-how-to-create-and-send-an-email-in-outlook-using-only-your-keyboard/

Magic Numbers

Did you know why 37 is a magic number ? Here's why. If you divide any number consisting of 3 identical digits by the sum of these digits, the result is always 37 eg 666 / (6+6+6) = 555 / (5+5+5) = 37 etc.

Source: Read in a Magazine called "Speed Mathematics"

Writing a file in Java

This code first creates a file (MyFile.txt) and add the data using DataOutputStream. DataOutputStream have special methods to write different type of data like writeInt() uses for integer, writeChars() uses for string.

import java.io.*;
public class FileOutput {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileOutputStream fos;
DataOutputStream dos;
try {
File file= new File("C:\\MyFile.txt");
fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
dos=new DataOutputStream(fos);
dos.writeInt(2333);
dos.writeChars("Hello");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

source: java-tips.org

Recalling the Message From Sent Items !!!

For Outlook 2003:
1. Go to the Sent Items folder.
2. Find the message you want recalled and double-click it.
3. Go to the Actions menu and select Recall This Message.
4. To recall the message:
Select Delete unread copies of this message. (Note: the recipient needs to have Outlook opened for the message to be deleted)
To replace the message:
Select Delete unread copies and replace with a new message, click OK, and type your new message.
To be notified about the success of the recall or replacement:
Check the Tell me if recall succeeds or fails for each recipient check box.
5. Click OK.


UPDATE: How To Recall a Sent Message in Outlook 2007:
1. Click on Sent Items.
2. Find the message you want recalled and double-click it to open.
3. Go to the Actions menu -> other Actionh and select Recall This Message.

Convert html file into js file

This code takes html file as an input and converts it into the js file.

import java.io.*;
public class ChangeFileM {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedReader obj1 = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("c:\\terms and conditions.html"));
OutputStream os= new FileOutputStream(new File("c:\\out.js"));
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(os);
String line;
String prefix="document.write('";
String sufix="');";
while ((line = obj1.readLine())!= null) {
line = prefix + line + sufix;
ps.println(line);
}
ps.close();
os.close();
obj1.close();

} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}

source: java-tips.org

How to Backup Registry??

1. Click on Start and then Run….
2.In the text box in the Run window, type regedit and click OK. This will open the Registry Editor program.
3.Navigate to the very top of the registry key branches until you reach Computer.
4.Highlight Computer by clicking on it once.
5.From the Registry Editor menu, choose File and then Export….
6.In the Export Registry File window that appears, choose a location to save the file in.
Note: I recommend choosing your desktop or the C:\ drive. Both are very easy to access if you run into problems later and need to use the file.
7.Locate the File name: text field and enter a name for the backup file.
Note: This name is for you to remember what the exported registry file is for. Since you're backing up the entire Windows XP Registry, I would recommend calling this file Registry Backup or something like that.
8.Click the Save button.
A Registration File with an REG file extension will be created in the location you chose in Step 6 and with the file name you chose in Step 7. Continuing the example from the last step, the file would be named Registry Backup.reg.
9.You can now make as many changes to any area of the registry that you want.
10.If after making your registry changes, you realize that they did not give you the results you were looking for, you can simply restore the entire Windows XP registry back to the point at which you backed it up.

Source: http://pcsupport.about.com/od/windowsxp/ht/backupxpreg.htm

How to check whether the dataset is empty in rexx..

using a macro we can check whether the dataset is empty or not.
this is the main program calling the macro CHKSZ.

/*REXX*/
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "VIEW DATASET ('aaa.dataset')"
"MACRO(CHKSZ)"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "VGET (SZ1) PROFILE"
IF SZ1 = 0
THEN SAY "EMPTY DATASET"
ELSE SAY "NONEMPTY DATASET" EXIT


MACRO(CHKSZ):
/*REXX*/
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "ISREDIT MACRO"
"ISREDIT (SZ1) = LINENUM .ZL"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "VPUT (SZ1) PROFILE" "ISREDIT CANCEL"

New Twist in the Story

A man is flying in a hot air balloon and realizes he is lost. He reduces height and spots a man down below. He lowers the balloon further and shouts, 'Excuse me, can you help me? I promised my friend I Would meet him half an hour ago, but I don't know where I am.'
The man below says, 'Yes. You are in a hot air balloon, Hovering approximately 30 feet above this field. You are between 40 and 42 degrees North latitude, and between 58 and 60 degrees West Longitude.'
'You must be a programmer,' says the balloonist.
'I am,' replies the man. 'How did you know?'
'Well,' says the balloonist, 'everything you have told me is Technically correct, but I have no idea what to make of your Information and the fact is I am still lost.'
The man below says, "You must be a project manager."
'Yes, I am,' replies the balloonist, 'but how did you know?'
'Well,' says the man, 'you don't know where you are, or where You are going. You have made a promise which you have no idea how to Keep, and you expect me to solve your problem.'

Remove Flashing in Applet

Generally double buffering is used for removing the flashing. But is does not solves the problem 100%. Following tricks can be used to solve the flashing problem in animation.

1.Use Media Tracker for downloading the images.
2.Use double buffering.
3.Change the default background colour of the applet to the colour of you Canvas by using setBackground(Colour of the Canvas) in the init method of the applet.
4.In an animation if you are updating only part of a area use repaint(x1,y2,x2,y2) instead of repaint().

source: java-tips.org

Using execio to find a empty dataset

This is a simple program to find out the empty dataset.

/*rexx*/
INPUT = "AAA.DSN"
INPUT = STRIP(INPUT)
IF SYSDSN("'"INPUT"'") = "OK" THEN
DO
"ALLOC FI(INDD) DA('"INPUT"') SHR REUSE" "EXECIO * DISKR INDD (FINIS STEM X."
IF X.0 = 0 THEN SAY "DATASET IS EMPTY"
IF X.0 \= 0 THEN SAY "DATASET IS NOT EMPTY"
END
ELSE SAY "INPUT DATASET DOESNOT EXIST"

Automatic Deployment in OC4J

The Application needs to be redeployed each time a change is done to the deployed archive for the changes to reflect. Redeployment can happen either manually or by restarting the entire instance. OC4J eliminates the need to manually redeploy or restart for the changes made to the deployed archive. This is done by OC4J Polling or Automatic Deployment.
Automatic deployment, or OC4J Polling is a task management feature that automatically checks for changes made to currently deployed applications and modules, and reloads those files that have been modified. This functionality is a tremendous benefit for developers, eliminating the need to go through the deployment process every time code is updated.
Configuration and Limitations are explained in the link :
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12524_01/web.1013/e12289/autodeploy.htm

JAVA IDE JDK SDK

IDE: IDE is the acronym for Integrated Development Environment which is used for coding debugging and running our code.They also include GUI(Graphical User Interface) based drag and drop elements for form designing and also contains wizards for the shells of common form of code.
JDK: JDK is the acronym for Java Design Kit which is a command line based interface to JVM.We are responsible for our own editors to creating a code for GUI elements.Most of the IDE ’s come with JDK and also their own JVM and Class Libraries.
SDK: SDK is the acronym for Software Development Kit , typically a set of development tools that allows us to create applications for a certain software package, software framework, hardware platform, computer system and video game console.

Use Keyboard For Right Click !!!

If you are used to using the keyboard, and try to avoid moving your hands off the keyboard to the mouse, then you will love this tip!
You can bring up the context menu on any selected item by pressing "Shift-F10".
This is exactly the same as right-clicking with the mouse, and should work almost anywhere that right-clicking works.

Info about the Process running on your System

Do you wanna know about the process that are running in your system.
For information about the process, please refer the below URL:
http://www.processlibrary.com/

Run java through batch file

While working with console based java compiler…its very tedious to write javac filename.java and then to run java filename each time you want to see the output.

A simpler(& very simpler) 'fix' to this is to create a batch file with parameters:
1) Goto Start - run - "cmd"(enter)
2) c:\>Documents and Settings\(ur employee ID)> (Now if u want to store your .java files here then skip goto step 5)
3) c:\>Documents and Settings\(ur employee ID)> copy con s.bat (enter)
cd\
e:
cd
(press Ctrl+Z) to save the file.
4) c:\>Documents and Settings\(ur employee ID)> s (enter)
5) e:\>(foldername)> copy con j.bat (enter)
javac %1.java
java %1
(press Ctrl+Z) to save the file.
And there u go. Each time you want to runa .java file again….
just follow the below steps:

1)Goto cmd - s(enter)
e:\>(foldername)> j filename (enter)
The file runs. Very simple….and yet effective!!!

Create a Shortcut to Lock Your Computer!!

To create a shortcut on your desktop to lock your computer:
Right-click the desktop.Point to New, and then click Shortcut.

The Create Shortcut Wizard opens. In the text box, type the following:

• rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation
• Click Next.
• Enter a name for the shortcut. You can call it "Lock Workstation" or choose any name you like.
• Click Finish.
• You can also change the shortcut's icon (my personal favorite is the padlock icon in shell32.dll).
• To change the icon:Right click the shortcut and then select Properties.
• Click the Shortcut tab, and then click the Change Icon button.In the Look for icons in this file text box, type:Shell32.dll.
• Click OK.
• Select one of the icons from the list and then click OK

You could also give it a shortcut keystroke such CTRL+ALT+L.
This would save you only one keystroke from the normal command, but it could be more convenient.

Note: If You still Find this as Difficult then Simply use the Key Stroke "Windows+L" to lock the computer.

Detect IP Address and Name in Java

java.net.InetAddress Class has a static method getLocalHost method which returns Object of localHost Then GetHostAddress Method Returns the IP address string in textual presentation. So in Your program use following line to print IP Address.

import java.net.*;
public class IPAdress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
System.out.println(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName());
System.out.println(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress());
}
catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

source: java-tips.org

Clean-up the RAM

Clean-up the RAM to make your system perform good
1.Open a notepad and type FREEMEM=SPACE(64000000).
2.Save the file as RAM.vbs and run the script.

Save your Nokia battery life

Do you guys know that there is a trick which may seem quite simple but is an effective way of saving your battery life.

First of all you have to lock your keypad and then you can click the left soft key or the red button(anyone or both may work). Doing so will immediately switch off the backlight of your cell phone.
Although this may seem so simple, it saves about 10% of your battery every time and this decreases the no. of times that you will have to recharge your batteries thereby increasing your battery life…

This works in all smaller handsets upto 6233.

Converting URI to URL

This is a sample program to convert URI (Uniform Resource Identifiers) to URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

import java.net.*;
public class DemoConvertURItoURL {
public static void main(String[] args) {
URI uri = null;
URL url = null;
String uriString = "http://www.google.co.in/";
try {
uri = new URI(uriString);
}
catch (URISyntaxException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
url = uri.toURL();
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Original URI : " + uri);
System.out.println("Converted URL : " + url);
}
}

source: java-tips.org

Advantages of SQL server 2005 over SQL server 2000/ SQL server 7.0

• SQL server 2005 is exclusively designed for dot net developers. Whatever the function or procedure that we write in dot net environment those function or procedure that we directly execute in sql server environment. This is the new feature in SQL Server 2005.
• SQL Server 2005 has reduced application downtime, increased scalability and performance, and tight yet flexible security controls.
• SQL Server 2005 makes it simpler and easier to deploy, manage, and optimize enterprise data and analytical applications.
• It enables you to monitor, manage, and tune all of the databases in the effective way.
• Failure of the primary system, applications can immediately reconnect to the database on the secondary server using Database Mirroring.
• SQL Server 2005 provides a new capability for the partitioning of tables across file groups in a database.
• Has Features of XML, Multidimensional Expressions (MDX), and XML for Analysis (XMLA). Integration with the Visual Studio development environment provides more efficient development and debugging of line-of-business and business intelligence (BI) applications.

Making a file read only through Java

This sample code makes a file read only.

import java.io.File;
public class ReadOnlyExp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file=new File("c:\\MyFile");
file.setReadOnly();
}
}

source: java-tips.org

Java on Mainframe OS

User from the Web can initiate a transaction that might communicate with a mainframe database (DB2®, Information Management System (IMS), and so forth), or even with a Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) file. As a result, the mainframe then returns the data in a well-formatted Web page. The Web user can also initiate an update on the mainframe database as well.

On one side, you have the highly robust and scalable mainframe. On the other, you have the flexibility of Java and the Web world. As noted above, a typical Web application would initiate a transaction that would do a one-off database access.

The Java solution to submit the batch jobs from a Z/OS mainframe.

package fileTransferProtocol;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.*;
import java.io.*;
public class FileTransferProtocol {
public static void main (String [ ] args) {
String serverName ="my.zos.mainframe" ;
String userName ="userid" ;
String password ="********" ;
FTPClient ftp = new FTPClient() ;
//Connect to the server
try {
ftp.connect (serverName) ;
String replyText =ftp.getReplyString() ;
System.out.println (replyText) ;
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace () ;
}
//Login to the server
try {
ftp.login (userName, password) ;
String replyText = ftp.getReplyString() ;
System.out.println (replyText);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//Tell server that the file will have JCL records
try {
ftp.site ("filetype=jes") ;
String replyText = ftp.getReplyString() ;
System.out.println (replyText) ;
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace() ;
}
//Submit the job from the text file.Use \\ to avoid using escape notation
try {
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream ("C:\\job.txt") ;
ftp.storeFile (serverName,inputStream) ;
String replyText = ftp.getReplyString() ;
System.out.println (replyText) ;
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace() ;
}
//Quit the server
try {
ftp.quit();
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace() ;
}
}
}

Queued sequential access method

In IBM mainframe operating systems, a queued sequential access method (QSAM) is one of the access methods for files, or more properly data sets. QSAM files are unkeyed, with the records placed one after another, according to entry order. A program can process these files only sequentially, retrieving (with the READ statement or GET macro instruction) records in the same order as they are in the file. Each record is placed after the preceding record.

QSAM files can be on tape, direct access storage devices (DASDs), unit-record devices, and terminals. QSAM processing is best for tables and intermediate storage.To process QSAM files in a program, a programmer could use COBOL language statements that:
1. Identify and describe the QSAM files in the ENVIRONMENT DIVISION and the DATA DIVISION.
2.Process the records in these files in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.

After a record is created, its length or its position in the file cannot be changed, and it cannot be deleted. QSAM files can, however, be updated on DASD (using REWRITE).The record definitions that are coded in COBOL program and the length of the variables read into and written from determines the amount of data transferred.

Ref:wikipedia

Listing all drives on a file system

You can list the drives of the system by using the listRoots() method of the File class:

File[] roots = File.listRoots();for(int i=0;i
System.out.println("Root["+i+"]:" + roots[i]);

source: java-tips.org

Comparison of Oracle, DB2 and SQL SERVER

SQL SERVER runs only under windows operating system.

In contrast, Oracle, DB2 runs in most of operating systems.

DB2 was originally designed to run on IBM mainframe systems and continues to be the premier database for those systems. It also dominates in hybrid environments where IBM mainframes and newer servers must coexist. Although it has a reputation for being expensive, it is also has a reputation for being reliable and easy to use.

Oracle has a huge installed base of customers and continues to dominate the marketplace, especially for Unix operating system. It is highly reliable, it is expensive and difficult to use.

SQL SERVER is widely used for small to medium sized departmental systems. It is inexpensive and easy to use, but it is also unreliable and for not scaling well for systems with a large number of users.

Advantage of ReadOnly over Constant variables in dotnet

Constant variables are compile time constants whereas ReadOnly variables are runtime constants. Compile-time constants are slightly faster, but far less flexible, than runtime constants. Reserve the compile-time constants for when performance is critical and the value of the constant will never change over time.

EXAMPLE:
// Compile time constant:public const int _Millennium = 2000;
// Runtime constant:public static readonly int _ThisYear = 2004;

Also, you can use readonly values for instance constants, storing different values for each instance of a class type. Compile-time constants are, by definition, static constants.

CONVERTING FAT32 to NTFS in Windows XP:

1. Open Command Prompt. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, and then click Command Prompt.
2. Else Press WIN+R key in the keyboard
3. In the command prompt window, type: convert drive_letter: /fs:ntfs

For example, typing convert D: /fs:ntfs would format drive D: with the ntfs format. You can convert FAT or FAT32 volumes to NTFS with this command.

Important Once you convert a drive or partition to NTFS, you cannot simply convert it back to FAT or FAT32. You will need to reformat the drive or partition which will erase all data, including programs and personal files, on the partition.

Opening the same file for reading and writing

You can open the same file for reading as well as reading in Java using RandomAccessFile class. RandomAccessFile class supports simultanous reading and writing from/to the same file if you open the file in "rw" mode:
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile("filename.txt", "rw");

source : java-tips.org

Why toString() is used in Java

We have toString() method since Java 1.0

It has at least two different meanings:
Displaying: How the object should appear to the user, in the GUI, on a web page, etc. Inspection: How the object should appear in debug output, logs, debugger tools etc. Both are in some way “a string representation of the object”. The default implementation in java.lang.Object suggests inspection, e.g. “java.lang.Object@c37f31”, but many APIs, like AWT/Swing, use it for displaying the object to the user.

Problems: It’s hard to tell which usage is intended when reading the code. Debuggers will use toString(), which can cause confusing side-effects. Since every object has a toString(), the IDE’s usage search becomes unusable. It’s hard to tell if a toString() method is dead code or not. We can’t do much about java.lang.Object, but we still have options.

Suggestion: Use toString() only for logging and debug output.

If the method has a more specific meaning, communicate that instead, e.g. title() or name().

If the value to display has a specific format you can communicate that instead, e.g. toHTML() or asLeetSpeak().

If the value to display is nothing other than a string, still avoid toString(). Call it something like displayString(), or maybe even asString() to avoid problems.

Reference: http://java.sun.com/

Factorial Implementation in java

In mathematics, the factorial of a natural number n is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. This is written as n! and pronounced "n factorial", or colloquially "n shriek" or "n bang". The notation n! was introduced by Christian Kramp in 1808.

This tip shows how to implement factorial function in Java.

public class Factorial
{
public static long factorial( int n )
{
if( n <= 1 )
return 1;
else
return n * factorial( n - 1 );
}

public static void main( String [ ] args )
{
for( int i = 1; i <= 10; i++ )
System.out.println( factorial( i ) );
}
}

Document Retrieval Concepts

Document Retrieval Concepts:

Document: A unit of retrieval. It might be a paragraph, a section, a chapter, Web page, an article, a whole book, or images and video.
Index: A data structure built on the text to speed up searching.
Index Term( or keyword): A pre-selected term which can be used to refer to the content of a document. Usually, index terms are noun or noun groups. In the Web, however some search engines use all the words in a document as index terms.
Information Retrieval(IR): Part of computer science that studies the retrieval of information(not data) from a collection of written documents. The retrieved documents aim at satisfying a user information need usually expressed in natural language.
Logical view of documents: The representation of documents and Web pages adopted by the system. The most common form is to represent the text of the document by a set of terms or keywords.
Precision: An information retrieval performance measure that quantifies the fraction of retrieved documents which are known to be relevant.
Query: The expression of the user information need in the input language provided by the information system. The most common type of input language simply allows the specification of keywords and of a few Boolean connectives.
Recall: An information retrieval performance measure that quantifies the fraction of known relevant documents which were effectively retrieved.

Watch YouTube Videos in Gmail Chats

As if your friends linking you to YouTube videos isn’t distracting enough … now you can actually watch the videos from inside of Gmail chats.

When someone sends you a YouTube link, you’ll now get a thumbnail preview of the video. Click play and another box will open up inside of Gmail that streams it. For additional options like full screen mode, embedding, or adding the video to your favorites, you’ll still need to click over to YouTube.

Closing your connections

Recently, we have had a spate of connection leak problems in our JMS operations in production. On analysis we found that a few of our applications are not closing the JMS connections properly. In this entry, I am going to talk about how to close your JMS connections and ways of detecting any connection leaks.

In any JMS operation, you would
a) open a connection to the JMS resource,
b) establish a session and
c) create a producer or a consumer to send or receive messages.
When you create a JMS connection, the container allocates resources on the resource provider. Therefore, the application should be responsible for ensuring that these resources are de-allocated at the end of the operation. From a programming context, this is achieved by calling connection.close().

The application should ensure that the connection.close() is being called irrespective of the outcome of the operation. i.e., it should be called even under exception scenarios. This is typically achieved by closing the connection inside the finally block.

There is generally a confusion about whether closing a connection alone is sufficient or whether the underlying session and the message producer or message consumer should also be closed. The JMS 1.1 spec clearly states that closing a connection alone is sufficient. When a connection.close() is invoked it tells the container that all the constituent objects of that connection should also be closed.

Now, once we have coded everything correctly, we should make sure that we are not leaking connections. How do we identify that? There are a couple of unix commands that I use to make sure that my code is not leaking connections. When we open a connection, a TCP communication channel is opened between your application and the resource provider. In the case of AQ, it is a connection from your JVM to the AQ database. So if we monitor the number of connections that are open between your server and the AQ database, we can find out if there is a leak or not.

One way is to use the netstat command. You can use netstat -an grep 1521 grep dbhost wc -l to get the number of connections opened from your server to the AQ database.

But there is a problem here. We have multiple oc4js running from 1 server. So we will not be able to identify whether the connections are coming from your oc4j or another oc4j. There is another command in unix called lsof which lists all the open files. In unix, a socket is again a file. If you execute the command lsof -i :1521 grep dbhost grep pid wc -l it will give the number of open connections from your oc4j to the AQ database. Here pid is the process id of your oc4j.
Give it a try and let me know your thoughts.

Simple e-Mail Etiquette

• Be concise and to the point
• Answer all questions, and pre-empt further questions
• Use proper spelling, grammar & punctuation
• Use templates for frequently used responses
• Do not attach unnecessary files
• Use proper structure & layout
• Do not overuse the high priority option
• Do not write in CAPITALS
• Don't leave out the message thread
• Read the email twice before you send it
• Use a meaningful subject
• Use Active Voice instead of Passive Voice
• Avoid long sentences.

To use Notepad as a Log File!!!

1. Open a blank Notepad file
2. Type .LOG (caps) as the first line of the file, followed by a enter. Save the file and close it.
3. Double-click the file to open it and notice that Notepad appends the current date and time to the end of the file and places the cursor on the line after.
4. Type your notes and then save and close the file.
5. Each time you open the file, Notepad repeats the process, appending the time and date to the end of the file and placing the cursor below it!

Source : Read in Chip Magazine of October 2008

Ensure that table statistics are updated before performing a bind

The DB2 optimizer uses the table and index statistics from the DB2 catalogs to determine the optimal access path. If the table statistics do not reflect the data in the table, the optimizer may decide to perform a table scan instead of using indexes.
This can be very expensive depending on the size of the table.

A quick and easy way to look at the statistics is to query the "sysibm.systables" catalog table for the specific table you are interested in and look for the values in columns CARD, NPAGES.

A value of -1 indicates that statistics have not been collected from the table/index and runstats needs to be run on the table.

If the values differ significantly from the number of rows in the table - once again a "runstats" may be necessary to update the catalog statistics.

Once the runstats process has been run, the bind should be performed again so that the optimizer takes advantage of the new statistics.

Change the size of icons in Start menu

We can change the size of icons in Start menu by following these steps:
1. Right click on Taskbar,
2. In new open window click on Start Menu,
3. Choose Customize,
4. In General Click in Large or Small icon,
5. Click on OK,
6. Again click on OK.

Source: Read in a Magazine

Sending broadcast packets in Java

Broadcasting is defined as sending a packet to all network nodes on a subnet. An IP network subnet mask divides an IP address into two parts: the network identifier and the node identifier. A broadcast address is defined as an IP address where all bits of the node identifier are set.

So, sending a broadcast packet from a Java program (or from a program in any other language, for that matter) simply requires you to specify the broadcast address as the destination for the packet.

Source: java-tips.org

Disabling My Computer

Disabling My ComputerIn areas where you are trying to restrict what users can do on the computer, it might be beneficial to disable the ability to click on My Computer and have access to the drives, control panel etc.

To disable this:
1.Open RegEdit
2.Search for 20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D
3.This should bring you to the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID section
4.Delete the entire section.

Now when you click on My Computer, nothing will happen.

You might want to export this section to a Registry file before deleting it just in case you want to enable it again. Or you can rename it to 20D0HideMyComputer4FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D. You can also hide all the Desktop Icons, see Change/Add restrictions.

How to Change User Password at Command Prompt

How to use the net user command to change the user password at a Windows command prompt. Only administrators can change domain passwords at the Windows command prompt. To change a user's password at the command prompt, log on as an administrator and type:
"net user * /domain" (without the quotation marks)

When you are prompted to type a password for the user, type the new password, not the existing password. After you type the new password, the system prompts you to retype the password to confirm. The password is now changed.

Alternatively, you can type the following command: net user . When you do so, the password changes without prompting you again. This command also enables you to change passwords in a batch file.

Non-administrators receive a "System error 5 has occurred. Access is denied" error message when they attempt to change the password.

Debugging ColdFusion

ColdFusion provides detailed debugging information to help you resolve problems with your application. Debugging can be done in two ways:

1.By specifying the DEBUG attribute in tag.
2.By enabling server side debugging in ColdFusion Administrator panel.

For instance,

SELECT Distributor.Distributor_ID,
Distributor.Distributor_Name FROM Distributor ORDER BY Distributor.Distributor_ID Returns, q_GetDist (Records=9, Time=421ms) SQL= SELECT Distributor.Distributor_ID, Distributor.Distributor_Name FROM Distributor ORDER BY Distributor.Distributor_ID

Hide Quick Navigation Bar

Customization of SharePoint pages, that is hiding the quick navigation, recycle bin, view all the site content from the left navigation. Here is a real quick way to achieve it.



Copy the above code lines and add a content editor webpart to any of the webpart Zone and past the copied above lines, you also make visible false of the webpart.

C# Brainteasers

Here's some code using the anonymous method feature of C# .
What does it do?

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class Test{
delegate void Printer();
static void Main() {
List printers = new List();
for (int i=0; i <>
{
printers.Add(delegate { Console.WriteLine(i); } );
}
foreach (Printer printer in printers)
{
printer();
}
}
}

Cellphone Hazards

Fact: Malignant brain tumors are the second leading cause of death in children and young adults in the United States, and this epidemic is largely caused by radiation from a cellphones which penetrate the heads of users. If you always use your cellphones for calls and has experienced ear pain, headaches, dizziness, insomnia, irritability, stress, memory loss, high blood pressure and ringing in the ears, you better start limiting yourself from using that mobile phone, or at least pave way to a number of safety options.Studies show that there is a correlation between cell phone emissions and a slightly higher incidence of human brain tumors, cell growth in human blood micronuclei, and DNA breakages. Other studies show that electromagnetic signals from cellular phones reduce the ability to concentrate, calculate and coordinate complicated activities such as driving a car. Using a cell phone is also responsible for impairing of memory and reaction times. Even the so called hands-free mobile speaker-phones do more as they emit 10-times more brainwave interference than handheld units. Sixty percent of the radiation emitted by a typical cell phone is absorbed by the user’s head, and the radiation that is coming out from the ear piece is four times out of the antenna, and a similar amount of radiation comes from the keypad and mouthpiece as well. It should be noted also that different brands and models of cellphones have widely different levels of emissions.

Four times the radiation is leaked into the side of the head than is actually being used to transmit a signal. Highest emission comes from the antenna region. The reason for the leakage is that manufacturers tend to lower down the production cost, in exchange of lessening down the radiation that would escape into the user’s head and lowering down possible risks, thus the source of leakage: poorly matched transmitters, feeds and antennas. It must also be blamed to the lack of shielding in the phone case.

It is important that mobile phone manufacturers should be alarmed with this scenario and start designing cell phones that will not endanger the health of users. Make sure that all cellphones are sold with head sets or earphones. In this way, the user will have the option of not using the cellphone close to his head. The truth is, the essential key to safety lies to the manufacturers themselves, by designing safety features that will help protect and reassure their customers.

This information is from Sciencetips.com

Resolving the newfolder.exe virus

Two days back my PC got affected by this virus very badly as it eat up all my empty hard disk space of around 700 MB.

This virus is know popularly as regsvr.exe virus, or as new folder.exe virus and most people identify this one by seeing autorun.inf file on their pen drives. It is spreading mostly using pen drives as the medium.

So I will tell you that how to remove this virus manually.

I prefer manual process simply because it gives me option to learn new things in the process.

• Search for autorun.inf file. It is a read only file so you will have to change it to normal by right clicking the file , selecting the properties and un-check the read only option.
• Open the file in notepad and delete everything and save the file.
• Now change the file status back to read only mode so that the virus could not get access again.
• Click start->run and type msconfig and click ok
• Go to startup tab look for regsvr and uncheck the option click OK.
• Click on Exit without Restart.
• Now go to control panel -> scheduled tasks, and delete the At1 task.
• Click on start -> run and type gpedit.msc and click Ok.
• Go to users configuration->Administrative templates->system Find “prevent access to registry editing tools” and change the option to disable.
• Once you do this you have registry access back.
• Click on start->run and type regedit and click ok
• Go to edit->find and start the search for regsvr.exe,
• Delete all the occurrence of regsvr.exe; remember to take a backup before deleting.
• Don't delete the regsvr32.exe.
• Delete regsvr.exe occurrences only.
• At one or two places you will find it after explorer.exe in theses cases only delete the regsvr.exe part and not the whole part. E.g. Shell = “Explorer.exe regsvr.exe” the just delete the regsvr.exe and leave the explorer.exe
• Click on start->search->for files and folders. Their click all files and folders Type “*.exe” as filename to search for
• Click on ‘when was it modified ‘ option and select the specify date option Type from date as 10/16/2008 and also type To date as 10/16/2008
• Now hit search and wait for all the exe’s to show up.
• Once search is over select all the exe files and shift+delete the files, caution must be taken so that you don’t delete the legitimate exe file.
• Also find and delete regsvr.exe, svchost .exe

Now reboot your PC.


Source for this post:
http://amiworks.co.in/talk/how-to-remove-new-folderexe-or-regsvrexr-or-autoruninf-virus/

Search a User By name & get his ID on Unix

#! /usr/bin/sh
echo "Enter User Name to be Searched"
read USERNAME
NAMES=`who awk {'print $1'} sort -u`

for NAME in $NAMES
do
USER=`finger $NAMEgrep $USERNAME awk {'print $7,$8'}`
if [ "$USER" != "" ]
then
echo $USER ——- $NAME
fi
done

Searching lines before & After in Unix

#! /usr/bin/sh
#———————————————–
#Program used to search a seed in a program
#———————————————–

SEED=$1
LINE=$2
FILE1=$3


for X in `awk '/'"$SEED"'/{ print NR }' $FILE1 `
do
echo ———————– $SEED ————————————–
NOB=`expr $X - $LINE`
NOA=`expr $X + $LINE`

if [ $NOB -lt 1 ]; then NOB=1
fi
for J in `awk 'NR == '"$NOB"',NR == '"$NOA"'
{
if(NF!=0) print; else print "\n"
}' $FILE1 `

do
echo $J
done
echo ——————————————————————-
done

Deploying J2EE applications on JBOSS Application Server

Step 1: Go /server//log
Step2 : Bring down the JBOSS Application server, Copy J2EE files like WAR/JAR/EAR/SAR/ZIP/RAR/JSE or xxx-ds.xml (data source) under the deploy directory
Step3:
Bring up the JBOSS Application service after deployment, follow the steps in 6.1.2
Go to /server//log

Open console.log and check whether J2EE files are deployed successfully

Note: Application stop/start is not required if it is a Hot deployment.

ROUND() function in sql

Syntax:
ROUND ( numeric_expression , length [ ,function ] )

numeric_expression Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type category, except for the bit data type.
length Is the precision to which numeric_expression is to be rounded. length must be an expression of type tinyint, smallint, or int. When length is a positive number, numeric_expression is rounded to the number of decimal positions specified by length. When length is a negative number, numeric_expression is rounded on the left side of the decimal point, as specified by length.
function Is the type of operation to perform. function must be tinyint, smallint, or int. When function is omitted or has a value of 0 (default), numeric_expression is rounded. When a value other than 0 is specified, numeric_expression is truncated.

SELECT ROUND(column_name,decimals) FROM table_name

Parameter Description column_name Required. The field to round. decimals Required. Specifies the number of decimals to be returned.
1. SELECT ROUND(10.09 ,1) = 10.1
2. SELECT ROUND(10.09 ,-1) = 10

Want to make money with the iPhone SDK ?

There are success stories of people making close to $ 250,000 by writing apps for iPhone. Recently, Apple dropped an NDA that prevented developers from sharing their knowledge on the iPhone with others. A flood of tutorials and reviews on the iPhone SDK opened up.

Here is one tutorial on writing an iPhone app:

http://www.cimgf.com/2008/10/01/cocoa-touch-tutorial-iphone-application-example/

So,if you want to start a ‘small scale IT business’ .This is one way now

SQL: Joins

The SQL JOIN clause is used whenever we have to select data from 2 or more tables. To be able to use SQL JOIN clause to extract data from 2 (or more) tables, we need a relationship between certain columns in these tables.

Inner Join (simple join)Chances are, you've already written an SQL statement that uses an inner join. It is the most common type of join. Inner joins return all rows from multiple tables where the join condition is met.

Outer JoinAnother type of join is called an outer join. This type of join returns all rows from one table and only those rows from a secondary table where the joined fields are equal (join condition is met).

Undraggable alert

Yesday i was seeing an undraggable alert in flex ..its quite simple just set the property "isPopUp" to "flase" to not dgraggable and "true" for drggable.
Here is a code..you can try it


Script:
private function showAlert():void
{
title ="Undraggable Alert";
myAlert = Alert.show("HI Cognizant!!",title);
myAlert.isPopUp = false;
myAlert.status = Capabilities.version;
}

Difference Between URL and URI

The first difference, which is a hint for the different meaning,is what it stands for:
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
A URI _identifies_ a resource by meta-information of any kind.
A URL _locates_ a resource on the net, which means if you havea URL and the appropriate protocol you can retrieve the resource.


There are many different URI, e.g.:-

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

URC - Uniform Resource Characteristics

URN - Uniform Resource Names
One characteristic of a URI is, that it gives information aboutexactly one resource. Another is there can be more than one URIdescribing the same resource.


That was the theory, here is an example:
URI: <http://www.w3.org/>

URI: <http://www.w3.org/>

URL: http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/>
All lines describing the same resource (the URL describes the location).

Levels in (service) Quality!

No..I am not talking about CMMI Levels. Recently came across these in a book by Ron Kaufman
Level 1 - Criminal
Level 2 - Basic
Level 3 - Expected
Level 4 - Desired
Level 5 - Surprising
Level 6- Unbelievable!
(Think about it as how your client perceives the quality you deliver..the products you deliver..the services you deliver)

New iPod Touch faster than iPhone 3G

The second-generation iPod Touch uses a slightly faster processor than the iPhone 3G.
Apple appears to have upped the processing speed of the iPod Touch in order to help it go after the portable-game market.

Touch Arcade reports that the applications processor inside the second-generation iPod Touch unveiled in September is actually running faster than the processor inside the iPhone 3G, which runs at the same speed that the original iPhone and iPod Touch used. The new iPod Touch's ARM-based processor is running at 532MHz, while the iPhone 3G's processor runs at 412MHz.

A game developer interviewed by Touch Arcade noticed a huge difference in 3D-rendering speed as a result of the speed bump. As we remember fondly from our "megahertz madness" days of the Intel-AMD competition in the PC, processor speed is not the only measure of performance, but it is an important one.

With the arrival of the App Store, Apple has been marketing the latest iPod Touch as a gaming device in its latest round of commercials, almost completely ignoring the fact that it's a music and video player as well.

It seems that Apple has room to boost the clock speed of the processor to 620MHz, according to ARM's specifications, but that requires striking a balance between performance and battery life.

select keyword in rexxx

SELECT keyword in REXX is like switch case keyword used in c. This keyword allows to select one of the conditional expressions.

syntax :
select
when cond1 then …
when cond2 then …
otherwise …
end

example :
/*rexx*/
number = 100
select
when number < 5 then say "less than 5" /*condition not sastisfied.this statement will not get executed*/
when number < 50 then say "less than 50" /*condition not sastisfied.this statement will not get executed*/
otherwise say "it should be greater than 50" /*condition sastisfied.this statement will get executed*/

end

How to write a file in rexx

/*REXX*/
FILE = "N4C4F1.C3162.AUG13"
INPUT ="SAMPLE PROGRAM"
INPUT1 = "HOW TO WRITE a FILE"
INPUT2 = " THROUGH REXX"
DROP Z.
Z.1 = INPUT
Z.2 = INPUT1INPUT2
"ALLOC FI(OPDD) DA('"FILE"') SHR REUSE"
"EXECIO * DISKW OPDD (FINIS STEM Z."

Pen Drive -a part of Life

Technology has always been a necessary evil.However, like many other equipments, pen drives are also a necessary evil and pose a potential security threat to the technology world. When placed in wrong hands, the portability and high storage capacity of the pen drive can be hazardous. The device has evolved as a threat to the corporate and other organizations where security of data is given utmost importance.
The threats that are associated with pen drives are serious. Some of them are listed below.

• Stealing of data


• Spreading virus


• Plant malicious software


• Causing data loss

Pen drives barely allow any security system in terms of password or any other built in security feature. So it is more likely that if a person loses a pen drive, the data inside it can be accessed by anyone. If it falls in wrong hands he or she can misuse it. a pen drive can be easily stolen or misplaced and the data stored inside it can be easily manipulated. There have large demand for pen drives with some security systems such as finger-print reader or protective software.


There has been a conscious protest against pen drives in many private and government organization. Though it is a convenient device for the productive brains, it has proved to be beneficial for the thieves as well. Pen drives are small in size and have greater capacity to store information. Hence the thieves can carry the device stealthily in pockets and take information.

Fetching a row from table(ispf) using rexx

This is a simple rexx code, to fetch a row from ispf table.
lets say the table name is "sample" & it has two columns "id" & "name"
id name
001 agent001
002 agent002
003 agent003

if u want to know the name of person with id = '001' . then this is a simple code.

/*REXX*/
TDSN = "aaa.dsn"
ID = '001'
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "CONTROL ERRORS RETURN"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "LIBDEF ISPTLIB"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "LIBDEF ISPTABL"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "LIBDEF ISPTLIB DATASET ID ('"TDSN"') UNCOND"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "LIBDEF ISPTABL DATASET ID ('"TDSN"') UNCOND"TNAME = "SAMPLE"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "TBCLOSE "TNAME
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "TBOPEN "TNAME
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "TBTOP "TNAME
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "TBSCAN "TNAME" ARGLIST ( ID )"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "TBGET " TNAME
VARNAME = NAME
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "TBCLOSE "TNAME
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "LIBDEF ISPTLIB"
ADDRESS ISPEXEC "LIBDEF ISPTABL" SAY VARNAME


result : agent001

JBoss is loosing its charm ?

Jboss is certainly facing an evolution competitive front, and basically has not reponded to it.
The competitive fronts are two-fold, and will be recognizable by even the most passing of observers in the middleware market.

1. Seam is losing month-by-month to Spring
2. Jboss is losing month-by-month to Glassfish

Here are some of the proof-points, first the JCP page for Web Beans, the standardization process of Seam:
http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=299

It shows a slower growth, while Spring rolls out S2AP and myriad other complementary technologies to seize the develper's attention. Seam is dying on the vine, and its own complexity does not bode well for a major roll-out of improvements any time soon

Just look at jboss.org, it is a mind -numbing array of ongoing and outstanding projects with SSO, ESB, and Rules among others seemingly having no delivery date in sight, that translates to project stability. This makes us to think whether JBoss products and projects is under-resourced?

AMD seeks redemption with ‘Shanghai’ chip

Let bygones be bygones. That's what Advanced Micro Devices is hoping for with the roll-out of its first 45-nanometer processor Thursday. The No. 2 PC processor supplier will make the case that Shanghai is not Barcelona. The latter chip–AMD's first quad-core processor–was rolled out in September 2007 to great fanfare but then faced prolonged delays. This gave Intel an opportunity to regain ground it had lost to AMD in the server chip market. Shanghai is not a new architecture but essentially a refresh of AMD's Barcelona Opteron chip. AMD claims Shanghai is 35 percent faster than Barcelona. The chip is being built on 45-nanometer process technology, while Barcelona was a 65-nanometer part. Typically, the smaller the geometries, the faster and more power efficient the processor
More >> http://news.cnet.com/8301-13924_3-10095649-64.html?tag=newsEditorsPicksArea.0

Excel - Tip -2

Excel enables us to restrict the values a user can enter in a cell. by restricting the values, we can ensure that our workbook entries are valid and also the calculations based on them are valid.
Follow these simple steps:
To create a validation list, we first need to type the values we want to include in the adjacent cells in a column or a row.
1. Click on the cell, in which we want to create a validation list.
2. Click on "Data" tab
3. Click on "Data Validation" option.
4. In the "Data Validation" dialog box, select "Settings" tab
5. Select the "List" option from the "Allow" drop down list.
6. Click in the "Source" field and Click & drag the validation entries (the one we have entered in the excel file)
7. Click on "Ok" button.
Now, the Excel will create the validation list, in the cell we have selected it.

Excel tip -1

Hide Rows by Grouping
Using the Grouping option present in the Excel, we can hide the set of rows / columns.
Follow these steps,
1. Select the rows / columns that we need to hide.
2. Click on "Data" tab
3. Click on "Group" option
4. In the Group dialog box, select Rows/Columns option.
5. Click on OK button
Now, the Excel will create a clickable button on the far left or top of the worksheet. The button displayed either minus or a plus sign, depending on what is displayed in the worksheet

A wonderful tool in Excel!

Having used Microsoft Excel for presenting reports in the client's side, I wanted to share how wonderful a tool this is. Arguably, it is a tool used at some level by most people in an IT organization. Be it creating simple reports, business presentations using its versatile charts or even creating some simple birthday party accounts, Excel is a very important tool in MS Office suite of applications.
While Excel's worksheet formulas are being used extensively, its VBA properties, if harnessed properly, are much more rewarding. Hence, a little bit about learning VBA for somebody who will be interested -
For a set of tasks to be performed, select Tools –> Macros –> Record Macro (Office 2003) or Developer –> Record Macro (Office 2007) and then start doing what you want to do. Stop the recording and then open the Macro editor (Alt + F11). You will find the code recorded for the steps you had went through. This will be a very good starting place to explore and leverage this wonderful tool. Using the VBA help next will help fine tune the skill…

Make a Step to SWITCH OFF…

Nowadays, we face lot of power cuts. We are worried about power cuts. All the weekdays we keep our self cool in Office. As soon as we reach home, our hands are in search of our Fan/Ac Switch…
The Next minute the power is off, we get irritated. We curse the EB Dept, Govt. and many others…. Do we ever care for switching off electrical items, after the use.
Have you ever noticed the street Lamps Glowing after 6.00 Am?
If yes, have you made an attempt to switch it off? Or
At least to make a complaint on this, to the Municipality?
Our duty not only ends in casting a vote to a person.
Whenever there is a problem. At the Max we do is getting frustrated, curse the people and walk off.
It’s every individual’s duty to take the responsibility for things happening around him/her.I don’t say that we should jump in streets and fight for the power cuts?


At Least make a step to put the Switches off…

Insertion Sort Implementation

Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm, a comparison sort in which the sorted array (or list) is built one entry at a time. It is much less efficient on large lists than the more advanced algorithms such as quicksort, heapsort, or merge sort, but it has various advantages:

• Simple to implement
• Efficient on (quite) small data sets
• Efficient on data sets which are already substantially sorted
• More efficient in practice than most other simple O(n2) algorithms such as selection sort or bubble sort: the average time is n2/4 and it is linear in the best case
• Stable (does not change the relative order of elements with equal keys)
• In-place (only requires a constant amount O(1) of extra memory space)
• It is an online algorithm, in that it can sort a list as it receives it.
  

In abstract terms, each iteration of an insertion sort removes an element from the input data, inserting it at the correct position in the already sorted list, until no elements are left in the input. The choice of which element to remove from the input is arbitrary and can be made using almost any choice algorithm.

The following method shows how to implement insertion sort with Java:

public static void insertionSort( Comparable [ ] a )

{

for( int p = 1; p <>

{

Comparable tmp = a[ p ];

int j = p;

for( ; j > 0 && tmp.compareTo( a[ j - 1 ] ) <>

a[ j ] = a[ j - 1 ];

a[ j ] = tmp;

}

}

Source: java-tips.org

CHANGING DOS BACKGROUND

To Change a DOS background.

• Open your registry --> press win+r and type regedit --> hit enter.
• goto
  [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor]
• You'll find "DefaultColor"
• You can replace it's value with a two-digit hexadecimal number, in which the first digit selects a background color and the second a foreground color.

The hexadecimal codes are:
Hexadecimal_value Color

• 0 Black
• 1 Blue
• 2 Green
• 3 Aqua
• 4 Red
• 5 Purple
• 6 Yellow
• 7 White
• 8 Gray
• 9 Light Blue
• A Light Green
• B Light Aqua
• C Light Red
• D Light Purple
• E Light Yellow
• F Bright White
  Sample: A value of F0, for example, would give black text on a white background
  

Run Commands in Windows

Run Commands in Windows :
Do you use the Run feature in Windows XP? For most, this feature remains unused (or rarely used). Why is that? Well, first off nearly all of the Run Commands Correspond to a particular Control Panel Item or a Utility, Tool or Task that can be accessed through Windows.


Here is the list of different Run command. To access go to run (Win + R )


Accessibility Controls : access.cpl

Accessibility Wizard : accwiz

Add Hardware Wizard : hdwwiz.cpl

Add/Remove Programs : appwiz.cpl

Administrative Tools control : admintools

Adobe Acrobat (if installed) : acrobat

Adobe Designer (if installed) : acrodist

Adobe Distiller (if installed) : acrodist

Adobe ImageReady (if installed) : imageready

Adobe Photoshop (if installed) : photoshop

Automatic Updates : wuaucpl.cpl

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard : fsquirt

Calculator : calc

Certificate Manager : certmgr.msc

Character Map : charmap

Check Disk Utility : chkdsk

Clipboard Viewer : clipbrd

Command Prompt : cmd

Component Services : dcomcnfg

Computer Management : compmgmt.msc

Control Panel : control

Date and Time Properties : timedate.cpl

DDE Shares : ddeshare

Device Manager : devmgmt.msc

Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)* : directx.cpl

Direct X Troubleshooter : dxdiag

Disk Cleanup Utility : cleanmgr

Disk Defragment : dfrg.msc

Disk Management : diskmgmt.msc

Disk Partition Manager : diskpart

Display Properties control : desktop

Display Properties : desk.cpl

Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected) control : color

Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility : drwtsn32

Driver Verifier Utility : verifier

Event Viewer : eventvwr.msc

Files and Settings Transfer Tool : migwiz

File Signature Verification Tool : sigverif

Findfast : findfast.cpl

Firefox (if installed) : firefox

Folders Properties control : folders

Fonts control : fonts

Fonts Folder : fonts

Free Cell Card Game : freecell

Game Controllers : joy.cpl

Group Policy Editor (XP Prof) : gpedit.msc

Hearts Card Game : mshearts

Help and Support : helpctr

HyperTerminal : hypertrm

Iexpress Wizard : iexpress

Indexing Service : ciadv.msc

Internet Connection Wizard : icwconn1

Internet Explorer : iexplore

Internet Properties : inetcpl.cpl

Internet Setup Wizard : inetwiz

IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) : ipconfig /all

IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents) : ipconfig /displaydns

IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents) : ipconfig /flushdns

IP Configuration (Release All Connections) : ipconfig /release

IP Configuration (Renew All Connections) : ipconfig /renew

IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS) : ipconfig /registerdns

IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID) : ipconfig /showclassid

IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID) : ipconfig /setclassid

Java Control Panel (If Installed) : jpicpl32.cpl

Java Control Panel (If Installed) : javaws

Keyboard Properties control : keyboard

Local Security Settings : secpol.msc

Local Users and Groups : lusrmgr.msc

Logs You Out Of Windows : logoff

Malicious Software Removal Tool : mrt

Microsoft Access (if installed) : access.cpl

Microsoft Chat : winchat

Microsoft Excel (if installed) : excel

Microsoft Frontpage (if installed) : frontpg

Microsoft Movie Maker : moviemk

Microsoft Paint : mspaint

Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed) : powerpnt

Microsoft Word (if installed) : winword

Microsoft Syncronization Tool : mobsync

Minesweeper Game : winmine

Mouse Properties control : mouse

Mouse Properties : main.cpl

Nero (if installed) : nero

Netmeeting : conf

Network Connections control : netconnections

Network Connections : ncpa.cpl

Network Setup Wizard : netsetup.cpl

Notepad : notepad

Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed) : nvtuicpl.cpl

Object Packager : packager

ODBC Data Source Administrator : odbccp32.cpl

On Screen Keyboard : osk

Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) : ac3filter.cpl

Outlook Express : msimn

Paint : pbrush

Password Properties : password.cpl

Performance Monitor : perfmon.msc

Performance Monitor : perfmon

Phone and Modem Options : telephon.cpl

Phone Dialer : dialer

Pinball Game : pinball

Power Configuration : powercfg.cpl

Printers and Faxes control : printers

Printers Folder : printers

Private Character Editor : eudcedit

Quicktime (If Installed) : QuickTime.cpl

Quicktime Player (if installed) : quicktimeplayer

Real Player (if installed) : realplay

Regional Settings : intl.cpl

Registry Editor : regedit

Registry Editor : regedit32

Remote Access Phonebook : rasphone

Remote Desktop : mstsc

Removable Storage : ntmsmgr.msc

Removable Storage Operator Requests : ntmsoprq.msc

Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) : rsop.msc

Scanners and Cameras : sticpl.cpl

Scheduled Tasks control : schedtasks

Security Center : wscui.cpl

Services : services.msc

Shared Folders : fsmgmt.msc

Shuts Down Windows : shutdown

Sounds and Audio : mmsys.cpl

Spider Solitare Card Game : spider

SQL Client Configuration : cliconfg

System Configuration Editor : sysedit

System Configuration Utility : msconfig

System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately) : sfc /scannow

System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot) : sfc /scanonce

System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) : sfc /scanboot

System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting) : sfc /revert

System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache) : sfc /purgecache

System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x) : sfc /cachesize=x

System Information : msinfo32

System Properties : sysdm.cpl

Task Manager : taskmgr

TCP Tester : tcptest

Telnet Client : telnet

Tweak UI (if installed) : tweakui

User Account Management : nusrmgr.cpl

Utility Manager : utilman

Windows Address Book : wab

Windows Address Book Import Utility : wabmig

Windows Backup Utility (if installed) : ntbackup

Windows Explorer : explorer

Windows Firewall : firewall.cpl

Windows Magnifier : magnify

Windows Management Infrastructure : wmimgmt.msc

Windows Media Player : wmplayer

Windows Messenger : msmsgs

Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected) : wiaacmgr

Windows System Security Tool : syskey

Windows Update Launches : wupdmgr

Windows Version (to show which version of windows) : winver

Windows XP Tour Wizard : tourstart Wordpad : write

Unix Commands (Command line & Shell Script)

Here is an excellant article I found in IBM's Developerworks, which explains the basics of using commands in Command Line and while writing Shell Scripts.


http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-spunix_clitricks/index.html?ca=drs-tp4008


Also I would recommend you to go through the articles in References section.
I'm not sure whether the Developerworks site has provided options to rise your doubts in the article's page iself so that the original author could respond to your queries. In case the option is not provided, do write your queries here I'll try to respond in this post.

How to Handle Apostophes in DB2

Let us say if we have a table named EMPLOYEE having 2 coloumns EMPLY_ID, EMPLY__NM . if we want to update the name of EMPLLOYEE (ID:142082) from Satish to S'atish then we can use the below query.
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET EMPLY_NM = 's''atish' where EMPLY_ID =142082.
Just use the double quotes instead of single quote to avoid SQL error 'Unbalanced Apsotrphes'
The MF database will recognize the double quote as 'Apostophe'.


Where it will be useful:
when you are passing a input parametre value having apostophe to stored procedure or COBOL program,to update it into database.

Performance increase by Configuring Windows -MyComputer

Start > Right Click on MyCOmputer and select properties.
Click on "Advanced" tab.
See the "performance" section? Click "Settings" > Disable all or some of the follwoing:
Fade or slide menus into view.
Fade or slide ToolTips into view.
Fade out menu items after clicking.
Show shadows under menus.
Slide open combo boxes.
Slide taskbar buttons.
Use a background image for each folder type.
Use common tasks in folders.

Environment Variables in Java

Some Environment Variables to be set while using Java Applications:


JAVA_HOME Should point to the folder above bin (eg.. C:\java )
If using ANT
ANT_HOME C:\java\apache-ant-1.7.0
If using Tomcat
CATALINA_HOME c:\tomcat6.0\tomcat
If using JIKES
JIKES_HOME c:\java\jikes-1.22

Java on Ubuntu

Ubuntu has GCJ installed by default. A different version of Java can be installed using the Synaptic Package Manager. Sun's Java 1.5 and 1.6 are available through the package manager.

The problem is, even after installing Sun's Java, GCJ is the default.
The default version of java can be changed using the update-java-alternatives command.
update-java-alternatives -l will give the list of all installed java packages.

example output:
java-1.5.0-sun 53 /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun
java-gcj 1042 /usr/lib/jvm/java-gcj

update-java-alternatives -s java-1.5.0-sun will set Sun's java as the default.
For some applications like Ant, Tomcat to run, you nee to set the JAVA_HOME environment variable like below
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun

The above export can be put in /etc/bash.bashrc (for all users) or /home//.bashrc (for a particular user) so that JAVA_HOME is available on logon.

To remove shortcut icon arrows.

If you want to remove shortcut icon arrows. Then go to the Registry and do the follwoing activity.

Go to {HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\LNKFILE], and delete IsShortcut.
Go to [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PIFFILE], and delete IsShortcut.

Keys for formatting data

CTRL+SHIFT+^ - Apply the Exponential number format with two decimal places CTRL+SHIFT+# - Apply the Date format with the day, month, and year

CTRL+SHIFT+@ - Apply the Time format with the hour and minute, and indicate A.M. or P.M.

CTRL+SHIFT+! - Apply the Number format with two decimal places, thousands separator, and minus sign (–) for negative values

CTRL+SHIFT+& - Apply the outline border
ALT+' (apostrophe) - Display the Style dialog box

CTRL+1 - Display the Format Cells dialog box

CTRL+SHIFT+~ - Apply the General number format

CTRL+SHIFT+$ - Apply the Currency format with two decimal places (negative numbers appear in parentheses)

CTRL+SHIFT+% - Apply the Percentage format with no decimal places

Memory Allocation of JVM

While googling i found the below information which i want to share it here.

The follwoing code is to print Total,Free and Max memory allocated to JVM. it differs depends on the Java Environment.
Please have a look -


public class Memory {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("The Memory Allocation to JVM ");
long totalMemory = ((Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()/1024)/1024);
long freeMemory = ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()/1024)/1024);
long maxMemory = ((Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024)/1024);
System.out.println("Total Memory::"+totalMemory+"MB");
System.out.println("Free Memory::"+freeMemory+"MB");
System.out.println("Max Memory::"+maxMemory+"MB");
}
}

DJ Java Decompiler

DJ Java Decompiler is Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP decompiler and disassembler for Java that reconstructs the original source code from the compiled binary CLASS files (for example Java applets). DJ Java Decompiler is able to decompile complex Java applets and binaries, producing accurate source code.
DJ Java Decompiler is a stand-alone Windows application; it doesn't require having Java installed! DJ Java Decompiler is not just Java decompiler and disassembler but it is also a fully featured Java editor using the graphic user interface with syntax-coloring. Using DJ Java Decompiler is easy. Select Open and load your desired class file, or just double-click the CLASS file you want to decompile. DJ Java Decompiler supports drag-and-drop functions for OLE. You will see the source code instantly! In Windows Explorer Right mouse-button pop-up menu available too.
You can decompile or disassembler a CLASS files on your computer hard disk or on a network drive that you have a connection to (you must have a full access rights or just change the default output directory for .jad files). You don't need to have the Java Virtual Machine or any other Java SDK installed. But this latest release is able to compile, run, create JAR archives and run applets outside of the context of a Web browser when JDK is installed. With DJ Java Decompiler you can decompile more than one java class file at one time.

Increase ur internet Speed by another tricks

Increse ur internet Speed by another tricksFollow the step:-

Go to desktop->My computer-(right click on)->properties->then go HARDWARE tab->Device manager->Now u see a window of Device manager then go to Ports->Communication Port(double click on it and Open).



After open u can see a Communication Port properties.

Go the Port Setting:—-and now increase ur "Bits per second" to 128000 and "Flow control" change to Hardware.

Apply and see the result..

How to hide a file in image

How to hide a file in image -
1. Gather the file you wish to bind, and the image file, and place them in a folder. I will be using C:\New Folder-The image will hereby be referred to in all examples as fluffy.jpg-The file will hereby be referred to in all examples as New Text Document.txt
2. Add the file/files you will be injecting into the image into a WinRar .rar or .zip. From here on this will be referred to as (secret.rar)
3. Open command prompt by going to Start > Run > cmd
4. In Command Prompt, navigate to the folder where your two files are by typingcd location [ex: cd C:\New Folder]
5. Type [copy /b fluffy.jpg + secret.rar fluffy.jpg] (remove the brackets)
Congrats, as far as anyone viewing is concerned, this file looks like a JPEG, acts like a JPEG, and is a JPEG, yet it now contains your file.
In order to view/extract your file, there are two options that you can take
a) Change the file extension from fluffy.jpg to fluffy.rar, then open and your file is there.
b) Leave the file extension as is, right click, open with WinRar and your file is there

Speed Up Shutdown Time for WinXP

XP clear your paging file (pagefile.sys) of its contents whenever you shut down for security reasons. Your paging file is used to store temporary files and data, sensitive information, such as unencrypted passwords etc.
So if extreme security isn't required, then shut down XP without clearing your paging file by :-
1. Run the Registry Editor ( type regedit in Run and enter)
2. Go to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management
3. Change the value of ClearPageFileAtShutdown to 0.
4.Close the Registry and restart your computer.
Now on while turning off XP , the paging file won't be cleared, and shut down will be more quickly.

Difference between JDK and JRE

The "JDK" is the Java Development Kit. I.e., the JDK is bundle of software that you can use to develop Java based software. The "JRE" is the Java Runtime Environment. I.e., the JRE is an implementation of the Java Virtual Machine which actually executes Java programs.

Typically, each JDK contains one (or more) JRE's along with the various development tools like the Java source compilers, bundling and deployment tools, debuggers, development libraries, etc.

Determine when the web-page last updated

You can determine when the web-page was last updated.
To find this date and time, type the following script in the Internet Explorer's address bar and press enter key.
javascript:alert(document.lastModified)

Move mouse cursor without touching mouse

Do u feel hard to handle your mouse? Or your mouse wheel is not rotating well?
You can move your mouse cursor with keyboard itself.
To activate this Press Alt + Shift + Numlock.
You will get a mouse keys dialog.
You can do the settings(Configure your mouse speed,etc) in this box and click Ok button.
Use number pad keys 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 to control the mouse cursor.
For example, pressing numberpad key 5 will do the left-click
Pressing the + key will do double click
Pressing insert key will hold the mouse cursor
Pressing delete key will release the mouse cursor
To deactivate moving mouse cursor using keyboard , just press numlock.

Uses of F4 key

Below are the uses of F4 key.
1) Pressing F4 key will move the keyboard cursor to the address bar(Both in windows explorer and Internet explorer) and also drop down the address combo box.
2) Pressing Alt + F4 will close the application. If no application is opened, the shutdown dialog box will be opened.
3) Pressing Ctrl + F4 will close only the currently opened document in the application. (For example, if you have opened two pdf document in the acrobat reader, only the currently viewing pdf document will be closed and not the acrobat reader application).

Locate ATMs at ur location

ATMLocator is a free service from VISA that lets you instantly locate nearby ATM Cash Machines in almost any country worldwide. It's quite straightforward, just select the country from drop-down menu, then enter a city name, and a zipcode (optional). ATMLocator will locate nearby ATM machines and list address details for each of them.


To use this service, please click the link below.
http://visa.via.infonow.net/locator/global/

WORK INDEPENDENTLY WITHOUT MOUSE (RARE WINDOWS SHORT-CUTS)

I have given below some rare windows shortcuts. With this we need not always depnd on mouse.
To open the below programs, we can type the following commands in the run window.

Add or Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl
Add New Hardware - hdwwiz.cpl
Adjust date and time - timedate.cpl
Add environment variables - sysdm.cpl
Add fonts - fonts
Open Visual Studio.Net - devenv
Open Visual Studio - msdev
Open internet options - inetcpl.cpl
Open desktop properties - desk.cpl
Open paint - mspaint
Open MSWORD - winword
open MSEXCEL - EXCEL
open MSPOWERPOINT - POWERPNT
open MSACCESS - MSACCESS
open infopath - INFOPATH
Mouse properties - main.cpl
keyboard properties - main.cpl keyboard
User Accounts - nusrmgr.cpl
Internet explorer - iexplore
Windows explorer - explorer
Sounds and Audio devices - mmsys.cpl
Regional and Language options - intl.cpl
PowerOptions - powercfg.cpl
Phone and Modem options - telephon.cpl
Network Connections - ncpa.cpl
Accessibility Options - access.cpl

Use Alt + D to go to address bar

In internet explorer, while viewing a page, normally we will use mouse to go to the address bar for changing the address.
Now try pressing ALT + D, the control will go to the address bar, and the link in the address bar get selected. So without moving mouse and then typing the new address, just we can type ALT + D and then type the new address.

Web Site Certificates

Can you please go over what Web site certificates are?
First of all, if a certain company or organization wants their Web site to use encryption and be secure, they must obtain a site (or host) certificate. If they don't, they will not be registered as a secure Web site. So, how do you tell if a site is secure or not? Well, we've gone over this before, but let's cover it one more time, just to be sure we're all on the same page. There are two things you can check on to find out if a site is secure or not. The first is a little yellow padlock in the bottom right corner of your Web browser. The padlock should be closed (locked) as well. The second is how the Web site's URL reads. On a secure site, the very beginning part will always be "https," rather than just "http." That extra "s" makes all the difference when it comes to security.
So, if you're visiting a site and you see either of those things, the site will have a certificate. You can view the certificate by double clicking the yellow padlock. Once you do that, a certificate dialogue box will pop up and you can read all about it. It will tell you the purpose of the certificate, who it's issued to, who it was issued by and when it expires. (If the site you're on just uses the "https" method, just double click in the area where the padlock usually sits. Doing that will bring up the same certificate box for you). For example, when you purchase something from online software store, the checkout page is secure. If you double click the padlock on that page, you will be able to see our certificate.
Another way you can view a site's certificate is through your browser's menu options. In Internet Explorer, go to File, Properties and then click on the Certificates button. The same dialogue box will then come up for you. In Firefox, go to Tools, Page Info and then click on the Security tab. You can then click on the View button to see that site's certificate. That may be an easier way for you to access the certificate information.

source: From internet.

Regular expression

A regular expression is a pattern describing a certain amount of text or a regular expression is a set of characters that specify a pattern. Regular expressions are used, when you want to search for specify lines of text containing a particular pattern. A regular expression matches specific word or string of characters. You can search for words of a certain size. You can search for a word with four or more vowels that end with an "s."

There are three important parts to a regular expression. Anchors are used to specify the position of the pattern in relation to a line of text (like ^ indicates the character(after ^) should be at the beginning of string and $ indicates character(before $) should be at the end of string ). Character Sets match one or more characters in a single position like [a-z] means any single alphabet(lower case) and [0-9] any digit between 0 to 9 .

Modifiers specify how many times the previous character set is repeated like * represents zero or more times and ? means one or more times.

For example:^AD*B$ matches a string that starts with ‘A’ and ends with ‘B’ and should contain zero or more ‘D’s like AB, ADB, ADDB, ADDDB…..

Regular expressions are case sensitive.

There are some operators like:
\w - Matches a word character
\W - Matches a non word character
\s - Matches a space, a new line character or a tab
\d - Matches a digit character

References:
http://www.regular-expressions.info/tutorial.html http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Regular.html http://www.2150.com/regexfilter/Documentation/regular_expressions.asp

Motherboard Cleaning Tips

Motherboard is the main part of your computer that contains all hardware components. Your computer motherboard could fry, if you do not keep it clean on periodically basis. Dust is the main cause to heat up your system and heat link to hardware failure. You can save your computer maintenance cost if you clean your computer on the regular basis. This will improve the cooling and performance of the motherboard components.

• To clean your motherboard first unplugs your system power from the electrical outlet.
• Using the screwdriver remove the side covers of your computer case and put them to one side.
• Check all data and power cables connections. Inspect all motherboard PCI and AGP slots.
• Remove all add-on card of your motherboard for example RAM, modem, VGA, sound card and LAN card.
• Now blow the air around all the motherboard sides and keeping away your blower nozzle 4 to 5 inches away from main board components. You can use vacuum cleaner also for this purpose but compressed air is the better solution to clean a system.
• At the end assemble back all cards, cables and side covers of your system.
• I recommend you doing this after every three months if you want to save your system life.

Source: Gathered from Internet, while browsing through a Site.

Speed up your slow internet connection

Today a special tip for those who are still using any slow dial-up internet connection due to unavailability of any broadband connection in their area. The Web Accelerator application designed to provide the full acceleration for your routine web sites browsing. With the help of Web Accelerator you can browse your internet 4 to 6 times faster than normal dial-up connection. Basically this services compressing the website text data, images and heavy graphics to open or download this data with high speed.

This technique is more useful for static websites and for email applications but don't accelerate with secure and downloading audio or video files. Some good web accelerator retains your system cache to reuse websites with faster speed and can also block windows pop-up. If you are using FTP sites and downloading any program using dial-up, then web accelerator is not for you. There are various web accelerator software are free available on internet, visit and download it to enjoy your connection.

Wheel Mouse Tricks

Have you ever found yourself on a web page with a font so tiny it was almost unreadable? Well, don't strain your eyes a moment longer.
Next time you visit a page like that, hold down your CTRL key and roll the wheel on your wheel mouse. You'll find that you can increase / decrease the font size as fast as your finger can spin that little wheel.

Windows Office shortcut keys

1 Alt O, S - FormatStyle: Applies, creates, or modifies styles

2 Alt O, T - FormatTabs : Brings up the Format Tabs dialog

3 Shift + F5 - GoBack : Returns to the previous insertion point (goes back to up to 3 points, then returns to where you started; this is one of the most useful shortcuts of them all. Also useful when opening a document, if you want to g straight to where you were last editing it)

4 Ctrl + > - GrowFont : Increases the font size of the selection

5 Ctrl + ] - GrowFontOnePoint : Increases the font size of the selection by one point

6 Ctrl + T (or drag the ruler) - HangingIndent : Increases the hanging indent

7 F1 - Help : Microsoft Word Help

8 Shift + F1 - HelpTool : Lets you get help on a command or screen region or examine text properties

9 Ctrl + Shift + H - Hidden : Makes the selection hidden text (toggle)

10 Alt O, P - FormatParagraph : Brings up the Format Paragraph dialog